What conditions favor the influence of seasonally frozen ground on hydrological partitioning? A systematic review

Abstract The influence of seasonally frozen ground (SFG) on water, energy, and solute fluxes is important in cold climate regions. hydrological role permafrost now being actively researched, but the SFG has received less attention. Intuitively, restricts (snowmelt) infiltration, thereby enhancing surface runoff decreasing soil water replenishment groundwater recharge. However, reported effects remain contradictory appear to be highly site- event-specific. There a clear knowledge gap concerning under what physiographical conditions more likely fluxes. We addressed this by systematically reviewing published work examining partitioning. collected data environmental variables influencing regime across different climates, land covers, measurement scales, along with main conclusion about studied flux. compiled dataset allowed us draw conclusions that extended beyond individual site investigations. Our key findings were: (a) an obvious at small-scale, variable response increasing scale measurement, (b) indication deep snow forest cover may related reduced importance It thus increasingly understand repercussions warming climate, where transitioning conditions.